Number Sense Teaching Resources
Browse printable worksheets, hands-on math center activities and more teaching resources designed to teach number sense in the elementary classroom.
Developing number sense is an important building block for elementary math students and unlocks a deeper understanding of numbers and their relationships. Aligned with Common Core, each worksheet, game and century activity was created by teachers with teachers — and students — in mind to help build those skills in ways that engage and excite students about numbers!
Want to learn more about number sense? Read on for a primer from our teacher team, including a definition of number sense, how to assess this important math skill and more!
What Is Number Sense?
In the most basic sense (no pun intended), number sense refers to a student's intuitive understanding of numbers and their relationships. It includes the ability to estimate and compare quantities, understand numerical patterns and relationships and make reasonable judgments about the accuracy of calculations.
When students show an understanding of numbers, their size, relationships, and how they are affected by the four mathematical operations, what they're really showing is their number sense.
In an educational setting, building number sense is closely related to other foundational skills such as problem-solving, critical thinking and logical reasoning. As our students get older, it will become a crucial skill for daily life they will use to manage finances, calculate time and make decisions based on numerical information.
Teach Starter Teacher Tip: Although the names may seem interchangeable, it's worth noting that number sense is not the same as mathematical fluency or memorization of algorithms, but rather a deep understanding of the underlying concepts and relationships between numbers.
When Does Number Sense Develop?
There is no one grade level when we're teaching students number sense — instead, it continues to develop and become more sophisticated as students progress through elementary school.
Research suggests that babies as young as 6 months old can distinguish between small and large numbers of objects, and by preschool, students are already working on number sense as they begin to learn counting and one-to-one correspondence. At this level, they're also beginning to develop an understanding of quantity and relative size — both key to overall number sense.
Number sense will continue to grow in elementary school as students become more adept at recognizing and using numbers to solve problems, and it continues into high school and — for many students — into college.
Assessing Number Sense
When we assess students for their number sense skills, there are certain mathematical concepts that they should have under their belts. These include:
- Ability to Recognize Missing Numbers in a Pattern —When kids can fill in missing numbers in a sequence, they're showing that they can make connections between numbers and develop an understanding of the relationships between them.
- Ability to Use Mental Math — Students with number sense can use mental math to solve problems involving the four basic operations.
- Ability to Engage in Systematic Counting — Children who can count systematically can more easily understand the relationships between numbers, including number magnitude, patterns, and sequences.
- Ability to Subitize Numbers — Students can use visual clustering skills to instantly recognize how many objects are in a group without physically counting them.
- Ability to Relate Numbers to Real-World Problems —For example, a student may understand that "3" means "three objects" or "three days" or "three dollars."
- Ability to Compose and Decompose Numbers — Students use number sense when they break down numbers and put them back together. For example, a student who can break down the number 10 into 8 and 2, then add the two back together to again make 10, is using number sense.
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100 Days of School Tracker Poster
Use this poster with your students to track their first 100 days at school.
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Number and Word Posters 0-99
Posters showing numbers and words from 0-99.
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1-9 Number and Value Match-Up Worksheet
A worksheet to practice word and number recognition for numbers 1-9.
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Ordinal Stories and Sorting Activity
A fun, hands-on sorting activity to use when learning ordinal numbers.
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Numbers 1–30: Standard, Word, and Ten Frame Matchup Cards
A set of matchup cards to practice representing the numbers 1–30.
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Counting Collections and Connecting Numbers PowerPoint
A 16-page editable PowerPoint presentation to use as part of a counting lesson when teaching place value to younger students.
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Numbers 1 to 20 Cupcake Matchup Activity
Use this matchup activity to consolidate your students' knowledge of numbers to 20.
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Number Match-Up Activity (1-20)
Use this match-up activity to consolidate your students' knowledge of numbers up to 20.
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Identifying Numbers PowerPoint
A 14 page editable PowerPoint presentation to use as part of a numeracy lesson when teaching place value to younger students.
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0-10 Number Word Matchup - Worksheet
A matchup activity to practice identifying the numbers 1–10 in standard and word form.
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1–5 Matchup Cards - Transportation
A matchup activity to use in the classroom when working with numbers 1–5.
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1–20 Dump Truck Number Cards
A set of number cards to use when practicing one-to-one correspondence from 1–20.
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1 to 20 Parking Lot Number Match
A parking lot themed number matching activity to use in the classroom when identifying the numbers from 1 to 20 in word and standard form.
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10-20 Digit Cards
A set of flashcards, including the numbers 10-20, to be used when teaching numbers and place value.
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How Many Candles? - Birthday Cake Counting Activity
A fun, hands-on activity to practice one-to-one correspondence.
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Racing Car Ordinal Number Posters (1st - 10th)
A set of posters to use to create an ordinal number display.
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Number and Word Posters - 0–30
Posters showing 0–30 in standard and word form.
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Numbers 0–20 - Word Search
A word search to help your students to learn the word form for the numbers 0–20.
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Tens (Numbers and Words) Word Search with Answers
Use this Word Search to help your students work with identifying numerals and their name.
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Writing Numbers 0-10 - Poster
A poster for students to reference when learning how to write the numbers 0–10.
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Numbers in Our Environment - Recording Sheet
A worksheet for students to use when identifying numbers around the school grounds.
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Base-10 Flashcards - Random Numbers (100–10,000)
A set of 40 Base-10 flashcards of random numbers between 100 and 10,000.
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1-100 Number Flashcards Using Base 10 Blocks
Use these flashcards when learning about numbers and words.
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100 Days of School Activity Book
A fun booklet of activities for students to complete on their 100th day of school.
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Ordinal Numbers Flashcards
Flash cards for ordinal numbers.
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Ordinal Numbers Poster
A poster for ordinal numbers 1st - 50th, plus 60th, 70th, 80th, 90th, and 100th.
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Numbers in American Sign Language Poster — Numbers 0–10
Post the numbers in American Sign Language on your classroom wall so students have an easy reference!
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Ordinal Numbers Bingo Cards
A set of 32 bingo cards to practice ordinal numbers.
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Numbers 1 to 10 – Poster
A poster of numbers in different forms.
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0-20 Number Matching Game
Match different representations of numbers 0 to 20.
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Roman Numeral Individual Posters 1 – 10,000
A set of posters showing different Roman numerals and their values.
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0–30 in Numbers and Words - Posters
Posters showing 0–30 in standard and word form.